Although DIVORCE affects many parts of the society including spouses, children and, families, the entire social life cycle of individuals, the kind of individuals’ EXPERIENCES, based on their gender, Subjectivity in the process, degree of involvement. It may be perceived by the individuals as a positive or a negative experience. Given the differences in DIVORCE men’s EXPERIENCES and the fact that some cultural factors in the Kurdish society reduce woman’s role to an object in the marital life, this study was done to find Kurdish DIVORCEd women’s life experience and to arrive at an understanding of their challenges and growth opportunities. Hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used in this study. The number of participants based on purposive sampling includes 19 DIVORCEd women in the Saqqez city. The theory developed and proposed by Kaslue and Mezirow was used as the framework for organizing the data and through the individual interviews the following themes were derived: 1. the process of DIVORCE; 2. the consequences of DIVORCE; 3. self-perceptions; 4. personal emotions; 5. behavioral reactions to DIVORCE and 6. attitude toward DIVORCE.

Objectives: During recent decades, the number of solo-living DIVORCEd women in Sanandaj has been growing. It is very important to describe women's EXPERIENCES, interpretation, and understanding of loneliness and the phenomenal world, and to answer how the "world of loneliness" is present in the lived experience of a lonely DIVORCEd woman. Methods: The methodology of the current research is qualitative and for this purpose, 23 DIVORCEd solo-living women in Sanandaj city were interviewed with the interpretive phenomenological approach. Van Manen's six-step method was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings obtained from the lived experience of solo-living women show the understanding of living alone as an extension of the scope of more options and freedoms, the absence of a double burden on the shoulders of parents, and the protection of children. For this reason, a different feeling towards living alone after DIVORCE has been formed among participating women. For some women, the feeling of living alone is considered as an unpleasant experience, and for another group, as a liberating metaphor. Conclusion: The understanding and interpretation of solitary women from the phenomenal world implies self-support and developing resilience against problems, transformation in female behaviors and self-image, reinterpretation of life in the world and self-control, and restraint of sexual need. Living alone has left different effects and consequences on women's lives, which are categorized under four general themes: "individual growth", "personal independence", "social rejection" and "vacuum of support of children". Based on the semantic constructions of the present study, it shows that women living alone are experiencing a difficult life in the world with their own problems, which requires the support of society in an all-round way

Gender socialization, as one of the most basic types of socialization, affects a person's individual and social life, including the stability of his or her marital life. The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between gender socialization and DIVORCE between 178 DIVORCEd women and 222 women with emotional DIVORCE, which was conducted by survey method in Bandar Abbas. This study used biological and social theories to explain gender socialization and theories of structural functionalism and the love triangle to explain DIVORCE. In the present study, simple and stratified random sampling proportional to volume was used for women with emotional DIVORCE and chain sampling was used for DIVORCEd women. Questionnaire data were collected through interviews and face validity was confirmed through literature review and expert judgment, structural validity was confirmed by factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that gender socialization of 29.4% of DIVORCEd women and 70.6% of women with emotional DIVORCE is traditional, and on the other hand 60.2% of DIVORCEd women and 39.8% of women with emotional DIVORCE, Had a modern gender socialization. According to the results of Chi-square test, there is a significant relationship between the type of gender socialization of women, gender values, gender inequality and power relations with the type of DIVORCE. Accordingly, women with emotional DIVORCE have a more traditional outlook than DIVORCEd women.

Background: DIVORCE is one of the most controversial and damaging social issues. Since the DIVORCE rates are increasing rapidly, the current study evaluated the effects of factors leading to DIVORCE application.Materials and Methods: This qualitative content analysis used purposive sampling to select 10 female DIVORCE applicants at Isfahan Department of Justice (Isfahan, Iran). In-depth interviews were used for data collection. The contents of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a phenomenological method. The reliability and validity, i.e. real values, applicability, stability, and fact-based results, were ensured through relevant measures.Results: Overall, 110 codes were extracted from the interviews. The codes were organized in 18 subthemes and seven main themes. The main themes included EXPERIENCES of violence, cultural factors, family factors, financial factors, safety factors, EXPERIENCES of promiscuity, and social factors.Conclusion: Different individual, social, and cultural factors may lead to DIVORCE. The first step in reducing DIVORCE rates is to identify the most important and influential risk factors for DIVORCE. Community health nurses will then be able to help the families solve their problems. In general, eliminating the causes of DIVORCE can prevent its severe consequences at individual, family, and social levels.

Background & Aims: Due to the effects of DIVORCE and the increase in its rate in society in psychological issues, there is a need to study POST-DIVORCE adjustment and especially emotional self-control among DIVORCEd women and offer existing solutions. DIVORCEd women in Iran, meanwhile, face a number of difficulties in coping with DIVORCE and suffer mainly from poor emotional self-control [5, 6]. Therefore, studies such as the present study, which seeks to examine the perception of DIVORCEd women’ s lived EXPERIENCES of suffering, formulate a treatment based on it, with an integrated medical approach and specifically examine the effectiveness of this treatment on two major problems among DIVORCEd women, namely Adaptation after DIVORCE and emotional self-control seem essential. In addition, due to the fact that women are more afraid of expressing the facts of DIVORCE than men, it is necessary for related research in this field to pay more attention to the problems of DIVORCEd women. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of monotheistic integrated therapy based on the perception of lived EXPERIENCES of DIVORCEd women on POST-DIVORCE adjustment and emotional autonomy. The present study was performed based on a quasi-experimental design. In this way, the developed treatment package was performed experimentally. Finally, integrated medical treatment based on the perception of DIVORCEd women's lived EXPERIENCES of suffering was performed and based on multivariate analysis of variance, its effect on POST-DIVORCE adjustment and emotional self-control was examined and compared. The statistical population included all DIVORCEd women in Shiraz. In this way, from the DIVORCEd women of Shiraz, 15 people in the experimental group (model-based intervention) and 15 people in the control group (without treatment) were selected from a total of 30 people. Completed by members of experimental and control groups. Then, an integrated medical treatment package based on the perception of DIVORCEd women 's lived EXPERIENCES of suffering was administered to the experimental group, while the control group was not exposed to any intervention. Integrated medical treatment based on perception of lived EXPERIENCES of DIVORCEd women from suffering, at least in terms of one of the dependent variables, reduced the mean of the experimental group compared to the control group in the POST-test phase. Integrated medical treatment based on perception of lived EXPERIENCES of DIVORCEd women from suffering, POST-DIVORCE adjustment is confirmed, as well as integrated medical treatment based on the perception of DIVORCEd women of their EXPERIENCES of suffering, and emotional intelligence. Results: The results of multivariable analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the adjusted mean of emotional intelligence of the two groups in terms of group membership in the POST-test phase, p<0. 05. Also, there is a significant difference between the adjusted mean of emotional intelligence of the two groups in terms of group membership in the follow-up phase, p<0. 05. Therefore, the hypothesis of the effectiveness of integrated medical treatment based on the perception of DIVORCEd women’ s EXPERIENCES of suffering on emotional intelligence was confirmed. This finding is inconsistent with research that measures the effect of other psychotherapies on emotional intelligence, such as the effect of metacognitive therapy, co-existent writing, and with studies such as the effectiveness of writing on emotional intelligence. Integrated medical treatment aims to increase self-control by developing adaptive habits and increasing self-acceptance and self-confidence. In other words, this treatment improves the individual's adjustment by changing the individual's behaviors and helping to create compromised behaviors to resolve POST-DIVORCE conflicts. Conclusion: Some of the limitations of the study are: the use of available samples due to reduced possibility of generalization of results, failure to compare integrated medical treatment based on lived experience of DIVORCEd women with other valid psychotherapies to determine more effective treatment, lack of frequent follow-up and For more than a month, to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment over time, the lack of current research among men after the experience of DIVORCE and the lack of effectiveness of integrated medical treatment based on the lived experience of DIVORCEd women suffering from other psychological problems in DIVORCEd women [8]. Considering the above, it is suggested: Considering the effectiveness of integrated medical treatment based on the lived experience of DIVORCEd women suffering from psychotherapists and DIVORCE counselors, it is recommended to use this treatment to increase the adaptation of DIVORCEd women, according to the lived experience. With the suffering of DIVORCEd women to those involved in the field of DIVORCE, it is suggested to increase the productivity of DIVORCEd women from mental health services, according to the lived experience with the suffering of DIVORCEd women, especially in social dimensions to those involved in the field of DIVORCE Provide the necessary social support to DIVORCEd women, and numerous economic pressures on DIVORCEd women and difficulty in earning a living are among the important psychological stresses of women after experiencing DIVORCE, so it is recommended to those involved in the field of DIVORCE in the field Entrepreneurship and providing for the daily affairs of DIVORCEd women and their children in the economic dimension.

Introduction: An uplifting family is based on couples’ emotional bonds and mutual trust, which provide peace and mental security not only for the couples, but also for all members of the family. Despite this fact, marital conflicts and incompatibilities may lead to a dead end called DIVORCE, which causes the most important damage to and decline of family health. It is the most important cause of its collapse. However, legal DIVORCE rates reflect only a small part of couple’s conflicts, while many couples continue their cold and meaningless lives for various reasons and never get DIVORCEd. Dissatisfaction with the married life, reduced intimacy, and emotional distance between couples lead to emotional DIVORCE. Emotional DIVORCE is a type of abnormality that affects the family on a small scale and the wider community. Understanding the issue of emotional DIVORCE and its consequences in societies is necessary because the shaking foundation of the family leads to its members’ feeling of emotional-psychological emptiness, as well as various moral and social harms to the society. Therefore, it is necessary to study its effects on different aspects of children’s lives. No society can claim to have health if they do not have healthy families. There is no social harm arisen regardless of the influence of the family. Since family is the first institution for individuals’ socialization, any rupture in the family institution leads to children’s negative socialization. Thus, it causes both personal and social harms. For this reason, it is necessary to study its effects on different aspects of children’s lives and describe children’s lived EXPERIENCES of emotional DIVORCE. Materials & Methods: The purpose of this research was to study children’s lived EXPERIENCES of parents with emotional DIVORCE. This study was based on a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological method. Phenomenology refers to the description of one or more individuals’ consciousness and experience(s) of a phenomenon. Its purpose is to gain a perspective on the participants’ life world and understand their personal perceptions, that is, to understand what everything means to them, the meanings, which are derived from their life EXPERIENCES. To achieve this goal, 12 qualified adolescents and young people were selected by purposive and snowball sampling. In purposeful sampling, the researcher is free to choose the samples that are in accordance with the subject and goals. Due to the sensitivity of the subject, lack of accurate statistics, and the people’s unwillingness to talk about their private issues, the snowball method was also used for data collection. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via content analysis method. Discussion of Results & Conclusions: The findings of the present study on the children’s lived EXPERIENCES of emotional DIVORCE led to the extraction of 96 sub-themes and 13 main themes, which included lack of solidarity in the family, parental communication inefficiency, children’s communication and emotional vacuums, transfer of parental problems to children, disruption of family boundaries, immersion of family in negative emotions, father’s harmful traits, mother’s harmful traits, children’s psychological disorders, modeling problems, children's concerns about parents, and coping strategies for stress tolerance and emotional DIVORCE consequences. The results indicated that the children’s mental health was endangered due to the unbalanced and unhealthy functioning of their families with emotional DIVORCE. The children considered their families as the cause of confusion and stress instead of providing a comforting place. Therefore, it is recommended to inform parents about the pernicious effects of emotional DIVORCE and empower and promote their children’s psychological capitals.

Introduction: DIVORCE rate has been growing in recent years in Iran, resulting in an increase in the number of women and men involved with the POST-DIVORCE consequences. In the last five years, more than 800, 000 DIVORCEs have taken place in Iran, meaning more than one and a half million men and women underwent DIVORCE. A brief look at the literature of this field shows that despite the importance of the family system and the damage caused by DIVORCE, there has been little sociological research in Iran on this issue with the adoption of qualitative approaches, and the few existing researches, all of which have used quantitative approaches, generally focus on negative effects of DIVORCE on children, and little research has been conducted on the effects of DIVORCE on the life of DIVORCEd men and women. Thus, the study of how DIVORCEd subjects encounter the consequences of DIVORCE and the ways in which they rebuild their lives after DIVORCE is a commonly neglected domain in Iranian sociology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the typology of life reconstruction patterns of POST-DIVORCE life.

Purpose: In Iranian culture, DIVORCE is considered to be an undesirable phenomenon that brings with it a lot of consequences and serious challenges and concerns for people, especially women. In order to deal with the phenomenon of DIVORCE and the subsequent stigma, DIVORCEd women often have to consider coping strategies. The aim of the present study is to clarify the coping strategies of women after DIVORCE. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis through semi-structured interviews, with 21 DIVORCEd women living in the city of Baneh, Iran. Purposive sampling was used and the data collection process continued until data saturation was achieved. Results: The analysis of qualitative data revealed two types of strategies which included adaptable and maladaptive strategies of coping with conditions after DIVORCE. Discussion: The results of the present study revealed that the use of coping strategies among DIVORCEd women is different depending on the personal ability, family and social support, and social capital at their disposal. Identifying strategies used by women to deal with conditions of DIVORCE would give a more comprehensive understanding of their needs. Accordingly, empowering DIVORCEd women, teaching them coping strategies, strengthening family support, and providing social opportunities are some measures that results in the enhancement of the coping strategies of DIVORCEd women in POSTDIVORCE situation.